Multiplication — Maths Topic Journey

Adding equal groups

🟢 Foundation — Multiplication

Learn 2x, 5x, and 10x times tables through repeated addition and grouping

The 2x Times Table

  • The 2x table is counting in 2s.
  • 1 group of 2 = 2
  • 2 groups of 2 = 4
  • 3 groups of 2 = 6
  • 4 groups of 2 = 8
  • 5 groups of 2 = 10
  • We write: 1 × 2 = 2, 2 × 2 = 4, 3 × 2 = 6, etc.

Worked Example: 6 × 2 = ?

  1. We have 6 groups of 2
  2. Count: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12
  3. 6 × 2 = 12

Answer: 12

Tip: The 2x table is just doubling. 3 × 2 is the same as 3 + 3.

The 5x Times Table

  • The 5x table is counting in 5s.
  • 1 × 5 = 5
  • 2 × 5 = 10
  • 3 × 5 = 15
  • 4 × 5 = 20
  • 5 × 5 = 25
  • 6 × 5 = 30
  • 7 × 5 = 35
  • 8 × 5 = 40
  • 9 × 5 = 45
  • 10 × 5 = 50

Worked Example: 7 × 5 = ?

  1. We have 7 groups of 5
  2. Count: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35
  3. 7 × 5 = 35

Answer: 35

Tip: The 5x table always ends in 5 or 0. Remember: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50.

The 10x Times Table

  • The 10x table is the easiest! Just add a 0.
  • 1 × 10 = 10
  • 2 × 10 = 20
  • 3 × 10 = 30
  • 4 × 10 = 40
  • 5 × 10 = 50
  • 6 × 10 = 60
  • 7 × 10 = 70
  • 8 × 10 = 80
  • 9 × 10 = 90
  • 10 × 10 = 100

Worked Example: 8 × 10 = ?

  1. We have 8 groups of 10
  2. Just add a 0 to 8
  3. 8 × 10 = 80

Answer: 80

Tip: Any number times 10: just put a 0 on the end! 7 × 10 = 70, 9 × 10 = 90.

Practice Problems

🟡 Intermediate — Multiplication

Master 3x, 4x, 6x tables and grid method multiplication for 2-digit × 1-digit

The 3x, 4x, and 6x Tables

  • Learning more times tables helps us multiply faster.
  • 3x table: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30
  • 4x table: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40
  • 6x table: 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, 60
  • Practice saying these out loud!

Worked Example: 7 × 4 = ?

  1. The 4x table: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28
  2. Count 7 times in 4s
  3. 7 × 4 = 28

Answer: 28

Tip: Learn the pattern: 3, 6, 9... for 3x. 4, 8, 12... for 4x. 6, 12, 18... for 6x.

Grid Method Multiplication

  • The grid method breaks numbers into tens and ones.
  • Example: 34 × 6
  • 34 is 30 + 4
  • Multiply each part: 30 × 6 = 180, and 4 × 6 = 24
  • Add them: 180 + 24 = 204
  • So 34 × 6 = 204

Worked Example: 23 × 5 = ?

  1. Break 23 into: 20 + 3
  2. Multiply the tens: 20 × 5 = 100
  3. Multiply the ones: 3 × 5 = 15
  4. Add them together: 100 + 15 = 115
  5. 23 × 5 = 115

Answer: 115

Tip: Always break the bigger number into tens and ones. Multiply each part, then add.

Column Multiplication

  • Column multiplication is another way to multiply.
  • Example: 34 × 6
  • 34
  • × 6
  • ----
  • 204
  • Multiply the ones first: 6 × 4 = 24 (write 4, carry 2)
  • Multiply the tens: 6 × 3 = 18, plus carry 2 = 20

Worked Example: 45 × 3 = ?

  1. Write in columns: 45
  2. × 3
  3. ----
  4. Ones: 3 × 5 = 15 (write 5, carry 1)
  5. Tens: 3 × 4 = 12, plus 1 = 13 (write 13)
  6. Answer: 135

Answer: 135

Tip: Multiply from right to left. Carry any tens to the next column.

Practice Problems

🔴 Exam Ready — Multiplication

Master column multiplication 2-digit × 2-digit, area problems, and word problems

2-Digit × 2-Digit Multiplication

  • Multiply larger numbers by breaking them down.
  • Example: 23 × 15
  • Break 15 into 10 and 5:
  • 23 × 10 = 230
  • 23 × 5 = 115
  • Add: 230 + 115 = 345

Worked Example: 34 × 12 = ?

  1. Break 12 into 10 and 2
  2. 34 × 10 = 340
  3. 34 × 2 = 68
  4. Add: 340 + 68 = 408
  5. 34 × 12 = 408

Answer: 408

Tip: Always break the second number into tens and ones. Multiply separately, then add.

Area and Multiplication

  • Area = length × width
  • A rectangle is 7 meters long and 5 meters wide.
  • Area = 7 × 5 = 35 square meters
  • A field is 24 meters long and 13 meters wide.
  • Area = 24 × 13 = 312 square meters

Worked Example: A room is 6 meters long and 4 meters wide. What is the area?

  1. Area = length × width
  2. Area = 6 × 4
  3. Area = 24 square meters

Answer: 24 square meters

Tip: Multiply length and width to find area. Square meters (m²) is the unit.

Multi-Step Word Problems

  • Read carefully to find all the information.
  • Example: 12 boxes of pens. Each box has 15 pens. How many pens?
  • Answer: 12 × 15 = 180 pens
  • Another example: A farm has 8 fields. Each field is 25m × 20m. What is the total area?
  • Each field area: 25 × 20 = 500 m²
  • Total: 8 × 500 = 4000 m²

Worked Example: A shop has 18 boxes of chocolate. Each box contains 24 chocolates. How many chocolates altogether?

  1. Multiply: 18 × 24
  2. Break 24 into 20 + 4:
  3. 18 × 20 = 360
  4. 18 × 4 = 72
  5. Add: 360 + 72 = 432
  6. There are 432 chocolates

Answer: 432

Tip: Break one number into parts. Multiply separately. Add the results.

Practice Problems

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